Showing posts with label Technology. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Technology. Show all posts

Friday, August 31, 2018

California Law Requires Majority Renewable Energy Sources by 2030


Image result for california energy commission solar panels

Energy efficiency is a popular topic around the world, especially when being discussed in relation to transportation and construction. The fact is, every time a new vehicle is produced or a new building is constructed, the total amount of energy usage in the world goes up. However, if engineers and designers are able to make the new products more energy-efficient than the ones they are replacing, then over time, energy consumption can realistically be reduced significantly. The main reason that many people oppose using "green" sources of power, like solar or wind, is that the types of equipment needed to produce and store renewable energy have very high initial costs when compared with non-renewable resources like gasoline and coal. Over time, the costs tend to be offset by lower electricity costs, but it can be difficult for a new homeowner to come up with an extra $10,000 or more to put up solar panels.

A law passed in California will make it so that new homeowners will no longer really have a choice on the matter. Surprisingly, the unanimous approval of the bill by the California Energy Commission was preceded by very little debate, which just goes to show how much of a priority clean energy is for Sacramento lawmakers. The new law now requires that, by 2030, over half of the energy used in the state will have to come from renewable resources (i.e. non-carbon fuels). Additionally, the electricity pricing scale in California is getting restructured over the next year. The new pricing is expected to adjust the rates based on what time of day electricity is being used. So, more energy-efficient homes (especially those with the capability of storing power) will be able to save money.

Even though California is already the country's leading state in terms of renewable energy sources like solar panels, solar power only provides about 16% of the state's total energy (significantly less than the future 50% requirement). In order to meet the expectations, builders/designers have two ways to incorporate solar power: they could design all new homes with solar panels on the roof, or they could design neighborhoods with a central hub of solar panels that can be used to supply power to all homes in the surrounding community. Analysts expect that the addition of solar panels to new construction houses will raise the price by at least $8,000. Although the electricity cost savings over years of solar panel usage will outweigh the extra cost over time, some homeowners might instead choose to "lease" the panels, by which they pay a monthly rate to use the solar panels instead of buying the panels outright.

There are other sources of green energy that don't involve solar panels, but many of them require a very large investment in local infrastructure. Generally, wind energy and nuclear power are difficult to collect on an individual basis. It's not like designers could realistically put up a wind turbine in every backyard. So, although the panels are costly and the technology still needs time to advance, solar energy seems to be the only way of accomplishing the legally-mandated goal by 2030 without having a private company take over the electricity grid. It's hard to tell what options will be cheaper in the long run, but for now, solar seems to be the safest bet.

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Friday, June 8, 2018

Over Half of American Households Rely Solely on Cell Phone Communication


Image result for landline phones being phased out

New technology is the way of the future. While some consumers choose to stick with old-fashioned versions of modernized innovations, the vast majority opt instead to implement the advancements as soon as they become available. One such technological innovation is the mobile telephone. Where people once had to use a payphone to make contact while outside of their home and office, remote communication has become a staple in pretty much every American's life. To that end, according to Tracey Lien's L.A. Times article, over half of the households in America have completely phased out landline telephones.

Landlines were once a valuable necessity in the home, and to this day still have a few benefits. However, they also have significant drawbacks, especially as technology becomes more interconnected in this day and age. In 2006, a survey was conducted that concluded that only about 16% of American households didn't have a landline connection. Since the advent of smartphones and other such devices, that statistic has climbed to 54% in the most recent survey. That number has continued to climb each year. In fact, some European countries have over 80% of households relying solely on wireless phone connectivity, so it is very likely that one day, it could reach 100% in most areas of the world.

Millennials especially have been the ones to push the cord-cutting trend. It's an economic choice. Basically, if they already have a cell phone line that they pay for each month, why would they make a second payment each month to have a phone line that isn't even accessible on the go? The logic isn't completely perfect, as landlines are very beneficial in emergency situations or during power outages. However, if it comes to hundreds of dollars per year in extra cost, many consumers opt to save money, even with the minimal cost to their peace of mind.

New renters or homeowners are choosing to cut costs wherever they can, whether by using video streaming platforms instead of cable or by cutting out the landline phone option. Landlines are more often targeted by telemarketers, and consumers (especially those of the younger demographics) tend to send messages more than speak on the phone anyway, so a landline becomes pretty much useless except in an emergency. 10 years ago, not having a landline was risky. Today, it still has a bit of inherent risk, but with the way technology has been advancing, the risk decreases exponentially each year. It is likely that landlines may one day be gone from homes completely, only present in places of business or governmental institutions.

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Friday, May 18, 2018

Washington D.C. Public Transit System Purchases Fleet of 14 Proterra Electric Buses



Technological innovations in this day and age, especially those in the realm of transportation, have been focusing more and more on green energy. From Tesla's cars to Nikola Corp's trucks, many companies are trying to steadily phase out the necessity of fossil fuels for long-distance travel. The problem with that goal is that, at the moment, green energy sources and vehicles that utilize those types of energy tend to be more expensive. To that end, the companies that focus on electric vehicles usually need some sort of governmental relationship to get off the ground. With Tesla, customers were able to get government rebates/subsidies after purchasing cars like Tesla's Model 3. According to Russ Mitchell's L.A. Times article, Proterra (a manufacturer of electric buses) sold 14 of its vehicles to the Washington, D.C., Circulator transit system earlier this month.

The complete cost of those buses was not reported, but Proterra's buses are known to cost somewhere between $700,000 and $900,000 each, so it's likely that this purchase cost D.C. quite a bit. On the one hand, spending millions of dollars on electric buses may seem exorbitant, but to another perspective, the fleet of buses serves to show millions of diplomats and tourists from around the world that the United States is working on developing technology with lower environmental impacts and better user experience. Though nearly a million dollars per bus is a lot of money, Washington D.C. gets tens of thousands of tourists each day who use the bus system to visit the various landmarks and museums.

Although Proterra is based out of Northern California, the company has a factory on each coast: one in the City of Industry, California, and the other in Greenville, South Carolina. The South Carolina plant has a perfect location to be accessible to the nation's capital, while the California plant is right in the center of all kinds of innovation going on in the state. The East Coast side of the business puts it in the view of politicians and lobbyists who make the decisions regarding public transportation around the country, and the West Coast side of the business has been able to draw from engineers and manufacturers already in the area for work in the aerospace industry.

Proterra doesn't have a monopoly on electric buses, though. California's plethora of skilled workers has made the Los Angeles area a hub for the development of electric buses and other such vehicles. Another company, called BYD, which is based out of China, has a factory in Lancaster. According to their own numbers, BYD has sold at least 722 buses, while Proterra has sold over 546. For such a pricey commodity, both companies seem to be doing relatively well in an industry that is fairly new. Even some universities are switching their bus systems to electric ones. There's no way to tell for sure, but it seems like the trend of electric buses could really take off throughout the nation in the near future.

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Friday, March 16, 2018

Alternatives to GPS Expected to be Less Susceptible to Spoofing or Jamming Attacks



The Global Positioning System, or GPS, as it's more widely referred to, was first developed by the US in the 1970s, and has been used ever since as the main method of determining location, speed, and even time. It relies on a set of 30 satellites in orbit, as well as their respective stations on the surface of the Earth. while the system has worked well for several decades, it is not completely immune to sabotage, and if any of the satellites or stations were to fail or be destroyed, the entire system could be compromised. To address this, says Samantha Masunaga, in her L.A. Times article, there are many companies working on guidance technologies that don't rely on those satellites, thereby assuring accurate and reliable location reporting.

GPS systems are susceptible to attacks from a few different methods. The more common method is the use of a GPS jammer, which prevents a GPS receiver from getting a signal, essentially making the receiver useless. In that situation, the attack can be problematic, in that the user no longer has control over their GPS system. However, the attack that poses far more concern is known as "GPS spoofing." GPS spoofing is a method by which a hacker feeds the GPS receiver a false signal, and causes the navigation change very slowly. Because the change is so subtle, the system doesn't detect it as an issue, so no alarms sound.  A hacker could send the user into a dangerous situation, or simply somewhere other than where they wanted to go, and the system would be none the wiser until it was too late.

One company, called Satelles, has their own set of location signals being beamed from a separate set of satellites. When there are multiple sources performing the same function in some industries, some might call that redundant and think it a waste of resources. However, with something as fragile and important to things like national security as a positioning system, it's better to have multiple redundancies. If one of the systems becomes vulnerable to hacking, another one can fill in and take its place. Alternatively, one of the branches of the US military, called DARPA, is working on an advanced navigation system (ANS) that relies on signals from local radio towers, cell towers, and TV towers. Those signals can then be triangulated by the ANS receiver to provide information about the receiver's precise location.

Others have looked into the option of using image recognition on vehicles to determine location based on the geography or landmarks of the surroundings. One company, Iridium, has a set of 66 satellites that were originally designed for satellite phones, but have since been re-purposed for location services, which are at higher quality due to the closer proximity to the Earth's surface. No matter which technology ends up becoming the dominant replacement for current GPS systems, it seems greatly beneficial that they are trying to go in a safer, more secure direction. Anything that is resistant to spoofing, jamming, and other sorts of attacks will be great for commercial and military applications, and may one day lead to a completely different default global positioning protocol.

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Friday, January 12, 2018

Verizon and AT&T Both Plan to Introduce 5G Internet This Year



It's only been about 20 years since cell phones started to become popular among the common person. At around the same time, the internet became a commodity many people had in their homes. Yet, even though the history of both technologies is so recent, you would be hard-pressed to walk down any street in this day and age and not see someone surfing the internet from their cell phone. Smartphones have pervaded our society, providing entertainment, convenience, and connectivity to pretty much everyone around the country. According to David Lazarus's L.A. Times article, the newest update, 5G wireless, is coming soon.

In Las Vegas this week, there was a huge tech show called CES (which used to stand for Consumer Electronics Show). Many new electronic devices were debuted to the public for the first time. From fitness wearables to computers, tablets, and smartphones, the latest in tech was there for visitors to check out. One of the main innovations that is drawing major interest is that of the newest level of high-speed wireless internet: 5G. Both AT&T and Verizon Wireless, two of the top mobile phone providers in the world, have announced that they will be making 5G mobile internet available in several major cities, including Sacramento, before the end of the year.

For people who download or stream a lot of material on their phone, 5G seems like it will be exactly what they need. The 5G connections are expected to be much faster than the current standard 4G ones, and the connections will be far more reliable and less prone to lag. On the other hand, there are also some downsides to the faster connection. It is probable that the 5G connectivity will require that the user purchase a new phone, one that is designed specifically to use 5G. Additionally, the monthly cell phone bill will probably be significantly higher, and analysts believe that most average users won't need so much speed anyway.

Currently, mainly users who play a lot of high-bandwidth games or those who download large, high-definition movie would benefit the most from a 5G connection, but technologists expect that developers will rise to the occasion. Once 5G becomes commonplace, 4K video streaming, driverless vehicles, and immersive virtual reality are likely to follow quickly. 5G could unlock untold innovations of the future. Unfortunately, that path is likely to be expensive. Economic analysts expect the development of 5G to cost hundreds of billions of dollars, and those costs will be pushed onto the consumer with higher cell phone plan costs, but to many, the better internet connection is well worth a higher bill each month.

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Friday, August 11, 2017

Scam Uses Stolen Credit Card Data to Illegally Resell Gasoline



Improvements in technology are great in many ways. They save money, make life more convenient, and help people to do good in the world. However, technological advancement can often have drawbacks as well. One of the main issues in recent years is the average criminal's increasing ability to get away with financial crimes. The more technologically advanced something is, the more opportunities there are for criminals to hack in or scam people. According to an article by the Associated Press of the Los Angeles Times, one of the latest scams involves using stolen credit card information to resell gasoline on the black market.

The first part of the scam involves attaching 3D-printed credit card "skimmers" to ATMs or other credit card readers, such as those at gas stations. When someone swipes their card through the skimmer without realizing that it's not actually part of the machine, it records the credit card's data for the scammer's use. Then, the scammer is able to transfer the information to a fake card later, which they can use to make purchases. As devices get more advanced and criminals become more tech-savvy, the crimes continue to increase.

Once they have the counterfeit cards with someone else's data on it, the thieves go to gas stations with specially-designed trucks with hidden fuel tanks that can hundreds of gallons of gasoline. Then, they go off and empty the fuel from the trucks into 4,500-gallon industrial tankers. Finally, the tankers turn around and sell the gasoline back to the gas stations or to people on construction sites or to truckers looking to get a discount. Even the smallest gangs of criminals can steal thousands of dollars per day in gasoline, which can be more profitable with fewer risks than other money-making scams.

These types of crimes started sometime around 2006 when the skimmer technology was first developed. Since then, thieves have been using the strategy more and more, mainly in populous states with many busy interstates, such as California, Florida, and Texas. At first, law enforcement did little to combat these crimes, since they were only targeting a couple hundred dollars per transaction. It was seen as a "victimless crime," because the targets could dispute the charges on their credit card statements and generally get the money back. Because of the "slap-on-the-wrist" view of this type of crime, more and more thieves joined up, to the extent that some gangs are making up to $20 million per year off of stolen gasoline.

Because this is a financial crime, the US Secret Service is  involved and is investigating various gangs of criminals, shutting down these groups when they can, and are working on instituting tougher laws to dissuade other criminals from going after the "low-hanging fruit." Gas stations are also looking into installing devices on their pumps that shut the machine down if it is tampered with. Generally, everyone should just be on alert and do what they can to avoid being targeted by a similar scam. Be careful when using your credit card somewhere you don't trust, and if something looks suspicious, you should report it to the authorities.

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Friday, June 9, 2017

Latest Fortune 500 List Contains 53 California Companies



The well-known "Fortune 500" is a list of 500 of the nation's top companies, published each year in a list by Fortune Magazine. The companies are those that bring in the most revenue and show the highest profits, which means they are likely to do well in the coming year. Basically, they are the 500 best companies on the market in a given year. Many, especially in recent years, are tech companies, and some have even been on the list for many years, even decades in some cases. According to Makeda Easter's L.A. Times article, of the 500 companies, 53 are based in California.

While California is not the number one state in regard to their number of Fortune 500 companies, California falls in a close second behind New York's 54 companies. The remaining 400 or so companies have headquarters spread throughout the rest of the country. California has two companies ranking in the top 10 of the Fortune 500 list: Apple is in third and McKesson Corp. is fifth. Trends show that California's biggest earners are technology companies and pharmaceutical/biotech companies.

Even with some companies having difficulties with slowing sales or scandals within their board of directors, California companies still improved quite a bit this year. Chevron came in 19th place on the list and Wells Fargo unexpectedly rose to 25th place, even after recent bad publicity. In Los Angeles specifically, construction company Aecom was in 161st place, real estate firm CBRE Group was in 214th, and Reliance Steel & Aluminum Co. placed 320th.

The percentage of companies with women CEOs that make it onto the Fortune 500 list is very small, only about 6.4% of the 500 companies. However, of the 32 companies on the list with women CEOs, 7 of those companies are based in California. Apple Inc., which is based in Cupertino, California, made the largest profit this year, at approximately $46 billion, but Wal-Mart still holds the number one spot on the Fortune 500 list based on revenue alone. Approximately two-thirds of the US's total GDP come from the 500 companies on the list. If trends continue as they have been, California's companies could end up being the most valuable on the list in time.

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Friday, October 14, 2016

Workplace by Facebook: The Newest Social Media Platform for Businesses



Many businesses have Facebook pages where they do a lot of their social media marketing. In fact, Facebook's statistics show that they have over 50 million pages dedicated only to small businesses. Additionally, over 41% of small businesses in the U.S. operate on Facebook to some extent. In Facebook's latest attempt to draw more demand, the company has created a new platform targeted specifically at businesses, non-profits, and other organizations. As described in an article by the Associated Press of the L.A. Times, the new platform, called Workplace, has several distinct differences from Facebook's business uses.

While Facebook business pages have the option of producing advertisements and sponsored/ promoted posts, Workplace boast a complete absence of ads but makes up for it by charging its users a monthly fee. Sensibly, Facebook has committed to certain price ranges based on the number of active users. If active users number under 1,000, they charge $3 per user per month. For 1,000 to 10,000, the price is $2 per user per month, and for any number of active users above 10,000, the price will be only $1 per person per month.

For the last 18 months, Workplace (originally called Facebook at Work) was only available to select organizations by invitation. Now that it has begun to be released to the general public, Facebook hopes that demand will grow quickly. Workplace has some similarities to normal Facebook, but also seems to take some notes from LinkedIn, in that it has a news feed and the ability to build profiles and connect with coworkers and people in similar fields. In theory, Facebook believes that Workplace's set-up should be pretty easy for users to grasp since its layout is so similar to Facebook's.

Growth doesn't seem to be much of a concern for Workplace. Even under the invitation-only system, users more than doubled over the past six months, from approximately 450 businesses to over 1,000. In general, Workplace is a communication tool that helps "connect everyone." Its algorithms are different from Facebook, which means you should see more content that actually pertains to you. Additionally, the platform is supposed to be a great facilitator for group chats and video calls, which can help tie together the employees of even the largest companies. At this point, it's hard to tell whether Workplace will be the next big thing, but knowing Facebook, it is very likely to become popular sooner or later.

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Friday, September 30, 2016

Consumers Aren't as Enthusiastic About Self-Driving Cars as the Industry Would Hope



To the automobile industry, self-driving cars are the next big thing. On its own, the principle seems amazing. A consumer can sit down in a car, input a destination, and just relax until the journey is complete. There's no more need to stress out at the amount of traffic or worry about getting into an accident. Many of the self-driving cars even make it possible for the passengers to take a nap on long trips. While car producers and ride-sharing services believe that self-driving cars will be the most popular thing since sliced bread, according to Tracey Lien's L.A. Times article, consumers aren't as excited about the new technology.

 A recent study performed by Kelly Blue Book involved questions posed to a group of interviewees representative of the general American population, based on this year's census figures. The numbers gathered by the survey were surprising to the self-driving car industry, to say the least. Approximately 80% of participants in the survey don't want to give complete control to the car. They want to always have the ability to turn off the self-driving feature and drive manually. One of the biggest attractions of a self-driving car is that the passengers no longer have to go through the stress and tediousness that driving entails. However, the survey found that 62% of participants not only are willing to drive but actually enjoy the action of driving.

When asked about fully self-driving vehicles, which companies like Google and Uber have been working on developing, one-third of people said they would be completely unwilling to buy such a car. The lack of steering wheel and gas/brake pedals is unsettling for many drivers. Additionally, 62% of people responded that they would not want to live in a world where every vehicle was autonomous. Of the people surveyed, the youngest group (12- to 15-year-olds) were the most interested in a world full of autonomous cars, but even among them, 33% still were still doubtful.

Part of the reason that the people surveyed were against the concept of self-driving cars was that they don't know enough about the concept. Many worry about the science-fiction behind self-driving cars. So many movies have been made depicting smart vehicles as the first step along the path to global domination of machines over man. Even with all of the articles and advertisement about the benefits and drawbacks of self-driving vehicles, 25% knew nothing, 35% knew little, and 28% knew some about the topic. If automobile producers want to raise interest, they should focus on educating people about the facts of self-driving cars.

The most encouraging fact discovered by the survey is that the most participants showed interest in "Level 4" classification of self-driving cars. Under Kelly Blue Book's system, "Level 4" is a type of vehicle that has the ability to drive on its own, but can easily be taken over by a driver if they need to. Whenever the concept of a completely computer-controlled car was mentioned, however, participants reacted negatively. People tend to be nervous about new concepts, especially when it comes to new types of technology. A self-driving car is seen by the more hesitant consumers as a potentially dangerous new technology that may provide more risk than benefit. To address that significant portion of the market, the producers of the self-driving vehicles may need to focus on giving them more first-hand experience. Simply offering test drives could be enough to push wary buyers more onto the pro-autonomy end of the spectrum.

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Friday, September 16, 2016

Mobile Ordering Benefits Both Restaurants and Customers



Often, when you go to restaurant or coffee shop, you are plagued with the hassle of lines and long wait times. Wouldn't it be nice if you could just walk in and walk out minutes later with your order in hand? Fortunately, many restaurants have begun to introduce their own mobile applications that make the process easier for everyone. Samantha Bomkamp, in her L.A. Times article, describes some of the reasons why restaurants have embraced mobile apps and what benefits they can provide.

Mobile apps have the convenience factor that everyone wants. Instead of going into the store and waiting in a line behind a bunch of other people who may still need to decide on their order, you can open up the app on your way to the restaurant, decide what you want, place the order, and pay immediately. All you have to do is walk in and pick up your food, without even the need to stop to pay. Additionally, many fast food and coffee shops are revamping their service to include express lines for people who order online, thus shortening the wait times for everyone.

Pizza shops especially have been making mobile applications a large part of their business strategy. Because a significant portion of their business is already in the delivery sector, their apps have been developed to give customers many options and an easy interface to work with. That kind of app is easily transferable to the pick-up customers, many of whom prefer to tap a button than deal with having to describe their order over the phone. This year restaurants like Dominos and Taco Bell and even coffee shops like Starbucks and Dunkin' Donuts have started developing their own applications, making the already fast food even more convenient.

Research has found that, when technology can be used to place an order, the frequency of customer visits rises 6% and average spending goes up by 20%. Because the technology makes it easier to order efficiently, customers are more likely to come back to the restaurants in the future. Additionally, third-party apps like Eastman Egg, an app based out of Chicago that not only lets customers order food from nearby restaurants, but also tracks their location to let the restaurant know the optimal time to start preparing the food so that it will be ready as close as possible to the time the customer arrives. With single restaurants, the app has been found to work wonders but has some issues with large chains like Starbucks that have multiple locations. One way or another, it seems that mobile apps are taking over the restaurant industry, and it's speeding up the process for everyone.

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Friday, August 5, 2016

Google Fiber Set to Make Debut in Irvine



We all know the frustration of slow internet. Not only can it delay our work, it can make relaxing at the end of the day an arduous process. The endless buffering, the error messages, and the snail-paced downloads are annoying at best, and anger-inducing at worst. Fortunately, no matter how slow your internet speed is now, technology has been growing in leaps and bounds over the last several years. In fact, Google has been working on a new type of high-speed internet connection called Google Fiber. According to Andrew Khouri, in his L.A. Times article, some apartments in Orange County, California, are even getting a chance to try it out before anyone else.

The Irvine Company, a private real estate company that owns a large portion of the rental property in the city of Irvine, California, just released a statement that Google Fiber is being made available in many of its properties. While they didn't reveal many specifics about when the internet will be made available, Google has stated that their beachhead market will be small businesses and some apartment communities in Irvine. Irvine Co. is Orange County's largest landlord, and as such, is drawing even more interest through their sudden move to provide this highly-sought-after amenity.

Google Fiber isn't just slightly more powerful than normal internet; it can reach speeds up to 40 times faster than the average broadband connection. Housing developers, business owners, and many others are doing everything they can to get a foot in the door with Google Fiber, knowing that the ultra-high-speed internet can be a huge benefit for personal use or for prospective home-buyers. Analysts believe that having the high-speed internet that Google Fiber offers will be a way for commercial landlords to quickly draw in new renters.

Google released a statement recently that said that the roll-out of Google Fiber will be limited. The properties will be limited to those located in Irvine that already have the necessary "existing fiber infrastructure." Fortunately for the Irvine Co., they have been designing their buildings with extra empty conduits since the 1980s, which could make it easier to install Google Fiber without much hassle. While Google said a while ago that they are also looking at Los Angeles and San Diego for a roll-out of the new technology sometime in the future, Google failed to provide further information on the matter. If Google Fiber is as successful as expected in Irvine, it will likely spread very quickly throughout the state, country, and even to various other areas around the world. Everyone wants faster internet, and this could be the technology that gives it to us.

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Friday, July 8, 2016

U.S. Takes Second Place in World Oil Reserves



The top oil-producing countries in the world are Russia, Saudi Arabia, Canada, and the United States. A few short years ago, the US was dead last in that hierarchy based on estimates of total recoverable oil throughout each country. As shown in Rob Nikolewski's L.A. Times article, a recent study by Rystad Energy has shown that the United States has beaten out some of its former competition, taking second place behind Canada as one of the world's top oil producers.

The amount of "recoverable oil reserves" is calculated based on how much of a country's oil is both technologically and economically feasible to extract. In other words, if it is too deep to get out or will cost more money to mine than can be earned in the market, then it isn't calculated in the country's total reserves. Leaders in the oil industry have determined that the United States' improved position in the market is likely due to technological advancements, especially those that enable the procurement of shale oil.

Shale oil is a type of oil found in some sedimentary rocks that can be extracted pressurized drilling. It is a type of oil that was previously ignored or not considered useful because it was harder to extract. However, since much of the "easier to access" oil has been extracted and used up over decades of drilling, the technology advanced to keep up with demand. Additionally, other forms of drilling technology, such as hydraulic fracturing, or "fracking," which involves the pumping of pressurized fluid into otherwise-empty oil well in order to force any remaining oil out have added to US reserves. Texas by itself has over 60 billion barrels worth of shale oil, an amount comparable to the total oil reserves in the entire country of Mexico.

The Rystad study concluded that there are approximately 2.1 trillion barrels of oil globally, from over 60,000 oil wells. Over half of the reserves in the US are shale oil deposits, which, since they are more difficult to extract, can incur extra costs. Right now, oil prices are very low, which might seem like a good thing to the average consumer. However, when prices stay low for too long, producers can;t extract more oil in an economical manner, which reduces the total amount in the market, which can cause prices to shoot up.

According to one economist, if oil prices stay below $50 per barrel, miners will not put in the investment to tap shale oil reserves. If prices get closer to $100, he predicts that the US will provide a significant portion of the oil market over the next few years. So, even though the US has plenty of oil deposits in Texas, California, South Dakota, and Alaska, and technology can help the mining along, prices will have to go up in the short-term in order to keep gasoline prices steady in future years.

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Friday, June 10, 2016

Moon Express Decision Could Jump-Start Privately-Funded Space Exploration



On July 20, 1969, a team of astronauts including Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin made history when they became the first humans to ever step on the moon. Ever since the late 1950s, the United States has been working on ways to explore our solar system and find out more about other galaxies. In 2011, the Space Program was discontinued, mainly because of the exorbitant costs and inherent danger present in space travel. Up until recently, private companies were still allowed to send up satellites into orbit for commercial and research applications. However, according to Samantha Masunaga's L.A. Times article, the US government may be preparing to grant permission for a company to send a spacecraft to the moon.

Until now, only countries have been allowed/able to conduct space missions beyond Earth's orbit. Moon Express, a Mountain View, California-based company, will set history if regulators grant them permission to send their MX-1 lander on the moon for a two-week operation. The Wall Street Journal seems confident that Moon Express will receive their approval from the Federal Aviation Administration within the next few weeks, potentially restarting the Space Program. In some ways, a Space Program run completely by private companies could be better than one run by the government. When the Space Program first started, it was mainly about national superiority and being the first country to achieve certain milestones, which meant that sometimes costs and risks took a backseat. For private companies, it will be mainly about profit, which means that they will certainly keep within specified budgets and will be more risk-averse.

While Moon Express has been pretty secretive about its major plans, it has released some information about what they're looking for on the moon. The MX-1 lander will be carrying out both scientific and commercial research. Moon Express will be partnering with a Los Angeles-based company called Rocket Lab and plans to blast off into space in 2017. The MX-1 and other moon landers will be looking for valuable resources such as platinum and rare earth elements, which scientists believe can be found on the moon and in asteroids. Another company, Planetary Resources, is looking to asteroids as a source of water that can be converted into rocket fuel.

One of the main regulatory issues standing in the way of Moon Express's exploration is the Outer Space Treaty of 1967, which states that nongovernmental entities have to get approval from the US and Russia before performing activities in outer space. Experts believe that if Moon Express receives their expected approvals, however, it will set a precedent for future private commercial activity. Several companies dedicated to moon mining and asteroid mining have sprung up in recent years but have not held for very long, probably due to the high-cost, high-risk type of business. However, Moon Express has been generating significant interest in the world of commercial space exploration, and analysts expect this company may be the one to finally jump-start the industry.

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Friday, May 20, 2016

Berkshire Hathaway's Investment Boosts Apple Stocks



Warren Buffett, one of the richest men in the world, has been known to avoid investments in technology. So, it came as a huge surprise to many when it was revealed that his company, Berkshire Hathaway Inc., purchased 9.81 million shares of Apple stock in the first quarter. In his L.A. Times article, James Peltz described the reasoning behind Buffett's investment and how it affected Apple's shares and the stock market as a whole.

It is true that Buffett and his company generally avoid technology investments, mainly because Buffett admittedly doesn't understand technology enough to take the risk. However, they have made one exception in the past: Buffett's company owns a stake in IBM valued at $12.3 billion. Berkshire Hathaway's main investments are in companies like American Express, Coca-Cola, and Wells Fargo. Additionally, Berkshire owns dozens of companies such as See's Candies and Geico Insurance.

Likely because of Buffett's record of success in business and his company's large investment portfolio, Apple's stock prices rose 3.7% after the purchase was revealed on Monday. As of March 31, the end of the first quarter Berkshire Hathaway's stake in Apple was valued at $1.07 billion but is likely worth significantly less now due to declining Apple stocks. According to analysts, Berkshire likely made the purchase due to Apple's low prices in recent months. Apple's top-selling item and source of the majority of their revenue is their iPhone. The iPhone and other Apple devices had lower-than-expected sales this year, which was the main reason for lowered stock values.

Buffett has been quoted saying that the Apple purchase was made by one of his stock-picking lieutenants who did not consult Buffett before making the decision. However, Buffett seems optimistic that the stocks will regain their value and more in future months. Berkshire is always purchasing companies and shares and very rarely makes bad investments, which explains why so many normal people are suddenly investing in Apple, following Berkshire Hathaway's lead. Buffett, however, is known for his shrewd, long-term investments, and will likely drop the tech company, which he would usually avoid, when the investment gets back to its original value. Buffett doesn't understand tech companies, but some of his top advisors do. He may end up changing his stance in the future, though, if it turns out that the investment in Apple pays off as well as is expected.

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Friday, April 22, 2016

Yahoo for Sale - Verizon Considered Most Likely Buyer



You may have heard about Yahoo's plans to "spin off" their core web business. Over the past decade, the company lost the battle for market leadership to Google, which was once their smallest competitor, and has gone through several CEOs, still without any significant growth in sight. So, it makes sense that Yahoo wants to make a last-ditch effort to turn their luck around. However, as Tracey Lien stated in her recent L.A. Times article, Yahoo may have given up their plans to turn the business around. Instead, the web powerhouse could be looking to sell while the company is still worthwhile to potential buyers.

The various chief executives have tried everything to bring the company back to its former glory. Millions of dollars were spent to try to make Yahoo into a leader in media and technology, but that never really panned out, especially since the company largely missed the transition to mobile technology. Yahoo's websites get nearly a billion visitors per month, yet Yahoo has yet to gain the kind of big-money advertisers that Google and other competitors are known for snagging. Yahoo even tried starting a $42 million video program to compete with Netflix and YouTube but canceled it after disappointing results in the first season.

One of the company's most valuable assets, at least to analysts, is its $32 billion stake in Chinese e-commerce company Alibaba. Unfortunately, Yahoo failed to successfully spin off that asset, which just led to more scrutiny by current and potential future investors. According to analysts, Yahoo's changes this month to their employees' severance packages are a telling sign that Yahoo is getting ready for a sale. According to tech analyst Jan Dawson, the only way Yahoo doesn't get sold is if they insist on a price that no one is willing to pay. Even then, Dawson continues, Yahoo could end up looking at a sale again in the near future.

At least 40 potential buyers have done in-depth research into Yahoo's finances, but some companies are looking like more likely buyers than others. Currently, the front-runner in the competition to purchase Yahoo is mobile and broadband company Verizon. Verizon has both means and motive, especially after acquiring AOL last year as part of its attempts to bolster its efforts to become a leader in the media sector. Other potential buyers include Daily Mail, a British tabloid newspaper with similar audiences as Yahoo; Microsoft, which tried to purchase Yahoo in 2008 for $45 billion; and CBS, which could use Yahoo's size to reach a larger audience. There are some rumors that Google could be interested, but Dawson doesn't believe that Google would want to invest a lot of money to gain a business so similar to what they already have.

Some private equity firms could also be interested in purchasing Yahoo, but if they did, it is likely that the company would be broken up and sold off in pieces in the near future. Each asset within the company would be built up, then sold in the right market for greatest potential profitability to the firm. No matter how it goes down, though, it is expected that Yahoo will find itself under new ownership at some point in the next several months. Yahoo has billions of visitors a year, thousands of employees, and has been valued at about $35 billion. Eventually, someone will buy the company. It's just a matter of time.

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Friday, April 8, 2016

Not All Tesla Customers Will Get Expected Tax Rebates on Model 3



Tesla's new electric vehicle, the Model 3, is making waves throughout the market. Thousands of buyers are looking to get their hands on the luxurious, energy-efficient, affordably-priced car. At $35,000 before any governmental rebates, the Model 3's price can't be beaten by other electric vehicle producers. Thousands of dollars in state and federal rebates are offered to buyers, thus making the car an even better deal, but the rebates are not as easy to get as a buyer might think. According to Rob Nikolewski's article in the L.A. Times, buyers shouldn't count on the rebates when determining whether they can afford to purchase Tesla's Model 3.

Just this week, Tesla allowed potential customers from around the world to put down a $1,000 deposit in order to reserve their Model 3, which won't actually hit the market until December 2017. In the first 3 days, over 270,000 customers reserved their future vehicle, drawn in by its price, appearance, and the Tesla brand name. Many also took into account potential rebates that they expect to receive from the government, which Nikolewski considers an unfortunate oversight. According to him, most of the government rebates could run out by the time people get behind the wheel of their Model 3.

Southern Californians can receive $7,500 from federal subsidies and $2,500 from state subsidies when purchasing one of Tesla's electric vehicles. Unfortunately, the subsidies are only allowed for a certain number of customers. After 200,000 Tesla vehicles have been sold, the government will start to phase out the subsidies until, eventually, there will be none left. Additionally,  the state recently announced that wealthy buyers (a head of household income of greater than $340,000 or a single filer income greater than $250,000) will not qualify for the state rebates at all. So, some buyers are trying to play the odds to have the greatest chance of getting the $10,000 in tax rebates.

One customer in Santa Monica, Paul Scott, decided to go for the $50,000 version of the Model 3, which comes "fully loaded." Scott's logic in ordering the most expensive model is that he assumes that Tesla will produce their more expensive models earliest, which means that he will have a greater chance of getting the rebates before they run out. Either way, Scott asserts, he is fully willing to buy the car, whether he gets the tax credit or not. Other buyers, however, don't even seem to realize that the tax rebates are not a definite source of income. They are assuming that the price will automatically be $10,000 less, and are making their purchasing decisions with incorrect numbers, a mistake that they will regret.

Tesla needs to make the terms much more clear for customers. While $35,000 is still an incredibly low price, especially for a high-end, energy-efficient vehicle that grants owners the use of Tesla's supercharger stations, customers will not be happy if they find out that they won't be able to get the $10,000 in tax credits that they had expected. For all we know, California may decide to raise the number of individuals to which they will grant rebates, in order to encourage more potential buyers into greener vehicles. So, it is possible that a lot more than 200,000 customers will get tax credits. Either way, Tesla needs to make the situation as transparent as possible so as to avoid upsetting customers and losing potential customers forever.

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Friday, March 11, 2016

Banks to Incorporate Biometric Scanning to Help Prevent Hacking on Mobile Platforms



Due to hackers and other cyber criminals, online security has become a major issue around the world. In an attempt to protect their users' information, various websites have enacted different countermeasures to increase security and prevent hacking, but criminals seem to be evolving with technology. Furthermore, many of the extra safety measures, while they do a good job of protecting users, are often viewed as too confusing or time-consuming. James Koren, in his L.A. Times article, describes Wells Fargo's newest security measures: eye scanning and facial/voice recognition.

Banks and credit card companies tend to be the main targets of hackers and scammers looking to steal money and/or identification information. With a relatively small amount of information about you, a cyber criminal can apply for credit cards, open up bank accounts, and rack up thousands of dollars in debt under your name before you are any the wiser. Banks like Bank of America, JP Morgan Chase, and Wells Fargo are constantly looking for better ways to protect their customers without causing more of a hassle. What they have concluded is that the best method, at least for the time being, is the use of biometric markers, which, with current technology, are nearly impossible to forge.

The average consumer wants to be well protected, yet doesn't want to have to put in a lot of effort in order to obtain that protection. For example, Google, among other websites, has a feature called 2-Step Verification. When you make an account with Google, you have the option to save a phone number to your account. Then, every time you try to log in to your account on a computer that you have not saved, Google requires that you input your username, password, and a six digit code that is sent in a text message to the provided phone number. While this system essentially prevents hackers from getting into your account via brute force attacks, it can also be pretty annoying for users who have to log on to multiple computers/devices in any given day.

Besides lengthy, multiple-step encryption, there is also the simple issue of having to remember several different passwords for different websites, each with different formatting requirements. Each website doesn't want you to use the same password on another site, in case one of the websites gets hacked, but how is the average user supposed to remember upward of 5 passwords, and recall which one goes to which website? Biometrics seems to be the best of both worlds for both time-conscious and safety-conscious customers. Currently, fingerprint-scanning is huge in the marketplace, as new phones by Apple and Samsung are coming with built-in fingerprint scanning capabilities. Some banks are already offering fingerprint-based mobile access to non-business customers. However, for commercial customers, who have much larger accounts, and therefore much more to lose to cyber criminals, the banks want to use additional biometric markers to help ensure the security.

Wells Fargo's new service will use a phone's front-facing camera to look at the pattern of blood vessels on a user's retina. This pattern of blood vessels is just as unique as an individual's fingerprint and, therefore, provides just as much security.  Additionally, users could log in to their account using facial/voice recognition. A user holds their phone so that the front-facing camera can see them, and reads a series of numbers that appear on the screen. A combination of recorded voice data and facial structure data will determine if the user is who they claim to be. In all, these new features should provide a much easier and safer experience for all users, especially business customers who need better safety features. As of now, technology has developed to the point where biometric scanning is doable, but not yet hackable. In the future, this may change, but for the moment, biometrics is the safest course.

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Friday, January 29, 2016

General Motors Prepares to Become More Involved in "Ride-Sharing" Economy



Companies like Airbnb, Uber, and Lyft work based on opportunities available in what is called the "sharing economy." This generally means that their businesses run on the principle of connecting individuals that are willing to share their home or vehicle, for the right price. This type of business model is also known as "crowdsourcing" or "crowdfunding," and mainly involves the business creating an app or website, and acting as an impartial mediator between owners and consumers. Samantha Masunaga and Charles Fleming discuss, in their L.A. Times article, a new type of crowdsourced company called Maven, which involves the short-term rental of vehicles.

Just as Airbnb involves the short-term rental of a home, condominium, or apartment, Maven allows for users to "rent" a car for a short time. While the service has recently started in Ann Arbor, catering toward students at the University of Michigan, the company has plans to expand to other cities as the year progresses. Through this car sharing service, launched by General Motors, provides a free app on smartphones, which can be used to reserve a vehicle and unlock it. GM expects that a relationship with ride-sharing Lyft and its experience with services like OnTrac will help to make Maven a success.

General Motors is not the only company trying to get its foot in the door of this potentially lucrative business opportunity. Ford started a similar service in June and GM started a version in Germany called Car-Unity, which allowed rental to Facebook friends or members of the app's network. BMW has even begun to include features on their newest cars to allow for app-based connectivity. Everyone benefits: people have the ability to borrow a vehicle when they need one, and the owners of the vehicles are able to somewhat subsidize the costs of purchasing the vehicle in the first place.

Analysts wonder whether GM's decision, while bold, has long-term potential for the future. GM recently bought a failing ride-hailing company called Sidecar Technologies, Inc. and invested $500 million in Lyft. It seems that GM is trying to be prepared for any possible entrance into the ride-sharing market, and plans to do so by partnering with the best in the business. One day, GM hopes to partner with Lyft on an Autonomous On-Demand Network, which would even allow users to reserve self-driving cars. Although the market for self-driving cars has yet to fully expand, GM is planning ahead, predicting that today's investments will ensure success down the line.

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Monday, December 28, 2015

Online Shopping's Increased Popularity Causes Extended Shipping Delays



Just in December alone, it is expected that United Parcel Service will deliver a total of about 420 million packages in the United States while its competitor Federal Express will deliver about 228 million. The U.S. Parcel Service is also in the game, expected to ship about 545 million packages this month. All together, they will be shipping a huge amount, almost 8% more than they did at this time last year. According to Samantha Masunaga, in her L.A. Times article, this dramatic increase in the number of people and retailers needing to ship packages is due mainly to a recent increase in e-commerce.

This year, many retailers offered Black Friday deals on their websites, essentially giving their customers a choice. They could come into the store on Black Friday and shop, finding deals and purchasing items to take home with them immediately. Or, they could shop online, earning the same deals and reduced prices as in the store, and have the item shipped. Sensibly, many customers chose the second route, choosing to wait a little bit longer for their item rather than braving the hectic battle in the store on Black Friday. While this online integration by the retailers helped to keep Black Friday running more smoothly in stores, it came as an unexpected hit among shipping companies, whose predictions were far surpassed, which led to many delays on deliveries.

With the holidays approaching, shipping companies were getting even more overwhelmed with many more orders than in previous years. Because of that, they began telling customers that there would be no assurances that their package would arrive before Christmas unless they used the higher-cost options, like two-day or overnight shipping. Even those options were not perfect. UPS's on-time delivery rates for two-day and overnight delivery have varied throughout the month, ranging around 97%. Basically, when it comes down to it, even the more expensive options are not a guarantee, so consumers should plan ahead and order far in advance if they want to make sure their item arrives in a timely fashion.

Cyber Monday sales exceeded expectations, reaching $3.07 billion, which was 16% more than last year's sales. During Black Friday, about 103 million people got their deals online while 102 million preferred to do their shopping in brick-and-mortar establishments. Online purchases this year, especially during its final months, soared higher than ever expected, which is why shipping delays occurred. While shipping services were prepared for higher demand than in previous years, they could hardly know exactly how much the demand would increase, so the explosion of e-commerce's popularity caught them off-guard. Even for many online merchants, this year's demand was surprising. For several retailers, popular items ran out very quickly, and some even experienced crashes on their websites due to the increased traffic.

Most people in this day and age have a smartphone or some other way to get online while on the go. Because of this, online shopping may be easier and more appealing than having to go to stores and hope that they have the item you want in the correct size or color or style. It is simpler to just go to a website, type in exactly what it is you want, and order it. Over the holiday season, about 25% of e-commerce shopping was done via a mobile device. Our society's increasing dependence on new technology could be a reason why retailers have integrated more of that same technology into the shopping experience, making it easier and faster for potential customers to shop with them.

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Friday, December 4, 2015

New Credit Card Chip Technology Makes Debut as Holidays Approach



Have you recently noticed having a longer wait when checking out at various stores? Part of the reason is that there were more people out shopping, in preparation for Thanksgiving and Christmas. Another reason is that checkers are having some difficulty getting used to new systems designed to deal with the new "chip" credit cards. In Samantha Masunaga's L.A. Times article, she describes the new type of credit card, the reasons why it was created, and how its creation has affected shoppers.

While everyone expects longer lines around holiday times, analysts expect that the new credit cards may make lines extra long this year. Starting October 1st of this year, many new credit cards began to come equipped with a small metallic chip. This chip, which makes purchases safer and fraud harder to commit, has also caused something of a headache in that it has forced merchants to install new terminals that are able to accept the new cards. Since it is expected that 70% of cards will have the new chip technology by the end of the year, most merchants and card issuers have found that they should jump on the bandwagon.

While shoppers and checkers are all still trying to get used to the new card chips, leading to confusion and a longer wait time, eventually, as the chips become more common, it is expected that the lines will go back to normal. In all, though, customers seem to be taking the longer lines in stride, understanding that the increased security is worth a little bit more of a wait. Because it makes it harder to create a fake credit card or steal another person's information, the chip in the credit card helps to reduce identity theft and fraud.

Major retailers like WalMart, Target, and Home Depot have already transitioned to new technology that can accept chip cards, but some smaller companies are yet to complete the transition. However, by 2017, all merchants, including gas stations, will be forced to adopt new terminals that can accept the chip cards. Some shoppers have admitted to avoiding using their new chip cards, at least for the time being. While the difference between a chip card and a standard magnetic strip card can be as little as a few seconds, a delay of a minute or two can be caused by someone trying to swipe a chip card. If the mistake occurs several times throughout the day, the seemingly insignificant delays can add up. Because of this, many people not accustomed to the new technology try not to use it, so as to avoid causing a hold-up in the checkout line.

Some merchants claim that they argued with credit card companies about releasing the new cards right before the holidays, out of fear for potential back-ups. They would have preferred to start the new cards in January or February when customer traffic is less and slightly longer lines would be not as noticeable. Unfortunately, credit card companies chose to issue the new cards late this year. On the positive side, customers will be able to get plenty of practice over the holiday season and learn to use the cards properly. Some stores claim that delays are unnoticeable, others state that lines are only slightly longer, and customers have reported some even longer delays. Either way, even if the issue is minimal, use during the next month or so will provide shoppers with the chance to master the new technology and keep even minimal delays reduced in the future.

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