Real Estate, The Economy, and News: Opportunity Cost

Showing posts with label Opportunity Cost. Show all posts

Friday, May 27, 2016

"365 by Whole Foods" Market Boasts Lower Prices and Higher Efficiency

This week, Whole Foods opened their "365 by Whole Foods Market" in Silver Lake, the first of a set of 13 such stores to be built around the country this year. The supermarket chain's new style of smaller store has already interested many customers in its first couple of days, and the company expects the fad to grow rapidly. In her L.A. Times article, Samantha Masunaga describes the new type of store and some of the ways it differs from the classical Whole Foods supermarket.

365 is Whole Foods' first smaller format store. However, it features many high-tech options and better deals than their regular stores, making it a highly sought-after alternative. People, especially Millennials, go to Whole Foods because they are looking for healthier, organic food options. However, eating healthier is often costly, and most people have pretty inflexible budgets when it comes to groceries. Therefore, when shoppers found out that 365's products were the same, but at a cheaper price, they flocked to the new store.

On Wednesday morning, when the store opened its doors for the first time, the parking lot was full and then some. Interested shoppers circled the lot, having trouble finding a spot to park their cars, but when they finally got into the store, they were amazed by what they found. While the 365 has a smaller selection than a normal Whole Foods, its prices are significantly cheaper, which, too many Millennials with little disposable income, is a worthwhile trade-off. Additionally, the displays of produce feature electronic readers that measure the weight of fruits or vegetables and print stickers based on the measurement. In that way, the check-out process is quick and easy, saving time for both customers and employees.

Besides the reduced variety, the new 365 will also be missing Whole Foods' signature deli counter. However, it still has a large salad bar and a variety of pre-cooked hot food items. Analysts believe that 365 is likely Whole Foods' response to losing their share on the health food market. Other stores like Ralphs and Target have begun to provide organic options for their customers, which means Whole Foods is facing much greater competition in a once-blue ocean. Over the past three quarters, Whole Foods has shown declining sales, but the management hopes that the smaller, less cost-intensive 365 stores will help to turn that around over the coming year.

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Friday, February 19, 2016

Alphabet to Surpass Apple as "World's Most Valuable Company"

For years, Google Inc. was always known for its internet/computer science businesses, including its online search database, maps, advertising platform, YouTube, Android, and more. In recent years, Google began investing more and more time, effort, and money in other kinds of technologies. From healthcare devices to drones to self-driving cars, Google has had its hand in many types of technological innovations. Unfortunately, that led to a somewhat unwieldy business model, in which every product/ technological focus was grouped under the single title of "Google." Paresh Dave and Andrea Chang discuss in their L.A. Times article how Google recently underwent a business shift and created a new corporation, Alphabet Inc., within which several subgroups focus on different realms of Google's technological goals.

Not only has the creation of Alphabet Inc. made the business more structured, it also has generated plenty of investor interest. In fact, according to Dave and Chang, Alphabet Inc. is well on its way toward claiming the position of "world's most valuable company" from competitor Apple Inc. In the fourth quarter, Alphabet showed that profit had grown by double-digits, and proved to investors and the world that projects like self-driving cars and virtual reality glasses were not wasting resources, but instead earning revenue. Where analysts expected Alphabet to earn $16.9 billion, the company surprised everyone by reporting $21.3 billion in revenue, an improvement of 18% over the course of two years.

Last summer, when Google first began changing to the Alphabet structure, the company aimed to separate online ventures from those involving physical technological innovations. Each of the individual units of Alphabet is designed to have flexibility over its own budget and operations, but in the end, Alphabet itself will keep watch over each sub-business and make the major business decisions. Certain ventures labeled as "Other Bets," which include YouTube and smart-thermostat maker Nest, had a loss of over $3 billion in 2015, which was to be expected, according to Alphabet's analysts. Loss is expected during the R&D stage of technological innovation, but executives believe that the loss is at an acceptable level based on predictions of future revenue.

Alphabet's momentum seems almost unstoppable. In the past year alone, Alphabet's stocks have risen more than 40% in total. On the other hand, Alphabet's major competitor, Apple, is having plenty of problems that have led their stock values to fall. As mentioned previously, much of Apple's recent troubles have been closely linked to the company's reliance on a single product: the iPhone. Since iPhone sales have gone down, Apple's stocks have taken a plunge. Alphabet's new business model will help to reduce the chances of a similar situation taking place, since the variety of sub-businesses means that even if one sub-business has trouble, it will have little effect on the company as a whole.

Overall, economic analysts believe that Alphabet will keep improving and that its stock prices will continue to increase. Executives have seen continuous increases in the number of users of Gmail and the Google Play Store. They also expect that advertisements on Google and YouTube will be very important for Alphabet's future revenue. Since Alphabet's creation, revenue rose nearly 14% and profit for the year rose by 16%. In the past year, Alphabet also added over 8,200 new employees. As you can see, Alphabet seems very confident about the company's future growth and is planning accordingly.

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Friday, December 4, 2015

New Credit Card Chip Technology Makes Debut as Holidays Approach

Have you recently noticed having a longer wait when checking out at various stores? Part of the reason is that there were more people out shopping, in preparation for Thanksgiving and Christmas. Another reason is that checkers are having some difficulty getting used to new systems designed to deal with the new "chip" credit cards. In Samantha Masunaga's L.A. Times article, she describes the new type of credit card, the reasons why it was created, and how its creation has affected shoppers.

While everyone expects longer lines around holiday times, analysts expect that the new credit cards may make lines extra long this year. Starting October 1st of this year, many new credit cards began to come equipped with a small metallic chip. This chip, which makes purchases safer and fraud harder to commit, has also caused something of a headache in that it has forced merchants to install new terminals that are able to accept the new cards. Since it is expected that 70% of cards will have the new chip technology by the end of the year, most merchants and card issuers have found that they should jump on the bandwagon.

While shoppers and checkers are all still trying to get used to the new card chips, leading to confusion and a longer wait time, eventually, as the chips become more common, it is expected that the lines will go back to normal. In all, though, customers seem to be taking the longer lines in stride, understanding that the increased security is worth a little bit more of a wait. Because it makes it harder to create a fake credit card or steal another person's information, the chip in the credit card helps to reduce identity theft and fraud.

Major retailers like WalMart, Target, and Home Depot have already transitioned to new technology that can accept chip cards, but some smaller companies are yet to complete the transition. However, by 2017, all merchants, including gas stations, will be forced to adopt new terminals that can accept the chip cards. Some shoppers have admitted to avoiding using their new chip cards, at least for the time being. While the difference between a chip card and a standard magnetic strip card can be as little as a few seconds, a delay of a minute or two can be caused by someone trying to swipe a chip card. If the mistake occurs several times throughout the day, the seemingly insignificant delays can add up. Because of this, many people not accustomed to the new technology try not to use it, so as to avoid causing a hold-up in the checkout line.

Some merchants claim that they argued with credit card companies about releasing the new cards right before the holidays, out of fear for potential back-ups. They would have preferred to start the new cards in January or February when customer traffic is less and slightly longer lines would be not as noticeable. Unfortunately, credit card companies chose to issue the new cards late this year. On the positive side, customers will be able to get plenty of practice over the holiday season and learn to use the cards properly. Some stores claim that delays are unnoticeable, others state that lines are only slightly longer, and customers have reported some even longer delays. Either way, even if the issue is minimal, use during the next month or so will provide shoppers with the chance to master the new technology and keep even minimal delays reduced in the future.

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Friday, October 23, 2015

Google to Offer New "YouTube Red" Subscription-Based System

Where YouTube once made all of its income through advertisement sales, the Google-owned company is planning to make a big change. Starting next week, YouTube will be providing an option for viewers to pay $9.99 per month to be a part of a service called YouTube Red. As described by Saba Hamedy and Paresh Dave, in their L.A. Times article, this service will not only remove advertisements from most videos, thereby enhancing the viewer's enjoyment, but will also provide the ability to download content and stream music from Google Play.

YouTube, which first opened in 2005, grew in popularity very quickly and as purchased by Google a year later. Since then, while videos on YouTube get millions of views per month, Google has found that the well-known site is not quite the money-maker it might have been expected to be. Analysts believe that this is because YouTube is free, in general. Artists, musicians, instructors, and entertainers can upload videos for free, and people around the world can watch, like, and comment those videos for free. Only videos with advertisements provide any sort of income to YouTube and the maker of the video.

Now, with YouTube Red, Google's parent company, Alphabet Inc., expects to make far more money from the site without increasing advertisements or drastically changing its currently free setup. Analysts YouTube Red has great potential to become hugely profitable, but only if YouTube finds a way to overcome competition by Facebook, Vimeo, and Snapchat, among several other competitors.

Furthermore, will it really be worth it to viewers? Is the removal of ads, even on top of the addition of all kinds of new content by such YouTubers as The Fine Bros, Lilly Singh, and Pewdiepie, really worth the $10 per month that it will cost. YouTube tends to be targeted more toward teenagers and younger Millennials, so that would also mean that subscription to YouTube Red would probably fall under the jurisdiction of viewers' parents, who may not be willing to spend money on that which used to be free.

Much of the new content will be produced by well-known YouTube stars, who, unlike so-called "traditional actors," tend to come up with the content in their own videos. Many such stars started out with comedy or singing shows, filmed in their bedroom, and since have accrued hundreds of thousands of subscribers. It is these individuals that YouTube Red is going to use to try to pique the interest of potential viewers.

Market research company EMarketer believes that the growth of YouTube's ad revenue will slow over the coming years, which would make now the perfect time for the company to move away from advertisements and toward other forms of income. Many wonder, however, how this new system will affect the YouTube stars, some of whom are making a comfortable living off of payments from advertising sponsors. Will they be willing to give up that security to be a part of this new project? Hamedy and Dave seem to conclude that with YouTube Red, the stars will have more opportunities to create newer and better content that previously would have been cost prohibitive. YouTube executives believe that the stars will see the project's potential and will happily sign on to be a part of this new system.

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Friday, October 9, 2015

Disney Prices Soar Due to High Demand

Back in 1955, when Disneyland first opened its gates, the one-day admission price for an adult was $3.50. After inflation adjustment, that price would be about $31 today. While that admission price included only 8 ride tickets, extra tickets could be purchased for 35 cents each. To put that in perspective, If a visitor to the park wanted to go on every single one of Disneyland's original 38 rides, it would have cost about $65 in today's money, a stark contrast to the current admission price of $99. In his article, Michael Hiltzik of the L.A. Times investigates some of the reasons why Disney's prices have so greatly outpaced inflation.

Most recently was an increase in the price of Disneyland's unrestricted annual pass, from $779 to $1049. This nearly 35% increase has even the most loyal customers accusing Disney executives of greed, especially since very few new attractions have been added to the park which might help make visitors consider the raised price worthwhile. According to Hiltzik, however, the decision to raise prices is probably not greed-based. Hiltzik believes that Disney's reasons are far more logistic than economical.

Even though Disney's average price of $99 for admission may seem high, especially when measured against the inflation rate, Disneyland still has thousands of visitors per day, from Southern California as well as the rest of the country and the world. Unfortunately, since Disneyland is a park on a limited plot of land, they have a maximum number of guests they can accept at any given time. Sometimes, especially during summer and the holiday season, when people have time off of work and school, Disney has had to close its gates and turn away potential customers simply because it was at maximum capacity.

Hiltzik thinks that this may be why Disney is continuously raising prices to seemingly outrageous levels. Since the $99 cost doesn't seem to be enough to reduce demand, Disney may be raising prices in the hope that people will have to save up money longer and therefore not come to the park as often. While it is not Disney's intention to force customers away, when the park can only house a certain number of people without causing a fire hazard, it needs to find some way to reduce the demand while still maintaining income.

This demand-controlling measure, while upsetting many customers, is not likely to reduce demand as much as some might think, says Hiltzik. While Southern Californians, one of Disneyland's target demographics, may reduce their visits, analysts expect that tourists and other visitors will still bring in enough for Disney to make the same amount of money, if not more, than before while also preventing overcrowding. It's a win-win situation for Disney and for those who can afford the higher prices. As the prices go up, the amusement park will have fewer people, thus enabling visitors to be able to go on more rides and see more attractions without waiting in long lines.

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Friday, August 21, 2015

Devaluation of the Yuan Affects California's Economy

To shopping centers throughout the Southland, busloads of Chinese tourists are a necessary and regularly expected source of income. Especially in summer months, some places like the Beverly Center get an average of 70 such buses per month, full of tourists ready to spend. Shan Li, Samantha Masunaga, and Andrew Khouri wrote recently in their L.A. Times article about how recent devaluation of the Chinese yuan could have positive and negative effects on various California businesses.

Where 2.2 million Chinese tourists to the U.S. spent nearly $24 billion in 2014, 12.6% more than in 2013, many expect that such spending will likely slow down in the coming months. Up until recently, tourists found that their money would stretch much further on brand-name products in California than in China, but as the yuan loses value, that is beginning to change. Furthermore, even as a decrease in tourism hurts stores and shopping centers, it also affects sales on a larger scale. For certain luxury brands, like Coach, a decrease in sales to tourists leads to a decrease in earning, which causes stock prices to fall.

The current economic trifecta in China (slowing of the economy, devaluation of the currency, and a crackdown on political corruption) has led tourists to become more careful with their spending, according to Li, Masunaga, and Khouri. However, they point out that while the yuan loss in value hurts local retailers, it can actually be quite helpful for importers. For U.S. businesses that import Chinese products, the devaluation of the yuan means that the dollar stretches much further than it did before. Since importers will take advantage of this situation and increase purchasing, experts predict that California's ports will get plenty of use in the coming months. This will help to provide jobs for dockworkers, truck drivers, and warehouse workers.

Unfortunately for exporters, such positive outcomes are not likely. They are expected to suffer far more than local businesses due to the fact that import taxes in China can range as high as 20 to 30%.
Some tourists who come to the U.S. regularly anyway to visit family or send their children to summer camp may continue shopping in the U.S. for such luxury goods, but it wouldn't make economic sense for Chinese companies to continue importing American goods when the value of the yuan is so far outweighed by the value of the dollar. Costs would be much higher, especially on top of the exorbitant import taxes, and so it would be unlikely that American exporters would find business improving while the yuan's devaluation continues.

As Louis Glickman once said, "The best investment on Earth is earth." Analysts expect that as the yuan's value continues to plunge, Chinese investors will slow down the purchase of American products and focus on American real estate. Since the dollar remains relatively steady, many such investors will prefer to "park" their money in a building, rather than hold onto the quickly-devaluing cash. The increasing prevalence of property investment could help to dull the effects of the reduction in retail. However, economists warn that China's economy is connected to our own. If China's economy starts to fail, then that won't be good news for the U.S.

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Friday, July 31, 2015

How to Build, Maintain, and Repair Credit

Credit is a necessity in this day and age. Without a good credit score, it can be almost impossible to get a loan, buy a car, or purchase a house. But what can you do if you have little to no credit? How can you get started? Well, according to David Lazarus, in his L.A. Times article, stepping into the world of credit scores and debt payments may not be as difficult as it seems.

Lazarus' sources show that over half of all American consumers have subprime credit scores. 26 million consumers have no data on file with credit companies and 19 million have information that is so outdated that it is almost useless by lenders. These Americans are unlikely to get a loan at all, and if offered, the rate on the loan will be much higher than those provided to others with better records. Lazarus focuses on two main problems: an inability to begin establishing credit and difficulty improving a low score.

There are a few types of loans that are designed to help new borrowers to start to build credit. A credit score is based on borrowing money and paying it back. So, the easiest way to establish credit is by getting a credit card from a store or a bank and using it. The key to the card is to use, not overuse. Build credit by having a balance on the credit card and paying off the balance on time each month. In this way, a lender can see that their money is in good hands. In general, when a lender gives you money, it is because you have a history of on-time payments. In fact, some credit reporting companies such as Experian and Equifax consider monthly rent payments in calculating a credit score.

After you have shown that you can handle a credit card, other loan options, such as "credit builder loans" are available, Such loans, which tend to be less than $1,000, are offered by credit unions as another path by which borrowers can show that they can be trusted. This type of loan is very interesting in that it is based specifically around building credit, rather than providing a borrower with needed money. With a credit builder loan, a designated amount of money is locked in a savings account by the lender. When the last payment has come in from the borrower, the money is released. While it would be just as easy for someone to save up their money by putting a designated amount aside each month, this "loan" allows a saver to build their credit score in the process.

As for those who have already borrowed more money than they can pay back, Lazarus assures them that all is not lost. However, do not let it get so bad that debt collectors come calling. Once the collectors show up, a mark on your file appears that will stay for up to 7 years, affecting your credit score and ability to get a loan. To avoid collection agencies, you can try working out a payment plan with your lender. Contact your creditor immediately if you think you will be behind on your payments.

If your score has already taken a hit, recovering can be difficult, but not impossible. Lazarus suggests that the first step is to get a copy of your credit report and begin paying off outstanding debts. As you pay off more debts, potential lenders tend to trust you more and more. After 7 years, the black mark on your record will disappear, which will bring your score up, but what can you do in the meantime? The best thing you can do, according to Lazarus, is just get your finances in order and avoid accruing more debts. Other than that, he assures those with bad credit that with enough time and good financial planning, things will get better.

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Tuesday, May 19, 2015

Wal-Mart To Increase Minimum Wage to $9 Per Hour

3/13/15 - Statistics show that six out of ten Americans believe that the federal minimum wage should be raised. Many believe the raise is necessary, as a wage of $7.25 per hour is not necessarily enough to live on, especially for individuals trying to support their family. Others believe that if the minimum wage is raised, companies will be forced to lay off some workers, or raise prices on goods, in order to compensate for the extra money being payed to employees. In their L.A. Times articlerticle, Jim Puzzanghera, Shan Li, and Sarah Parvini discuss a recent decision by Wal-Mart to raise their minimum wage and what this decision means for them and their workers in the long run.

After facing intense protests and rallies led by labor groups and increases in state minimum wages throughout the country, Wal-Mart decided to protect its public image and raise its minimum wage to $9 per hour, $1.75 per hour above the federal minimum wage, for around 40% of its employees, starting in April. This will provide about 500,000 Wal-Mart employees a substantial pay increase, and the company plans to raise the minimum wage even more, to $10 per hour, by February 2016.

According to Doug McMillon, a Chief Executive at Wal-Mart, these changes are to help build a stronger business while also providing for the needs of their employees. While the pay raises do place the company in a better light, prevent the federal government from having to propose higher minimum wages, and lower costs incurred by having to continuously train new hires, they will also cost over $1 billion in extra costs during this fiscal year. Shares in Wal-Mart fell 3.2% since the beginning of the fiscal year, but economist Justin Wolfers is confident that the benefits will far outweigh the added costs.

By Wolfers' argument, as an employee's salary increases, so does their productivity. Several companies, including Costco, Trader Joe's, and the Gap, have illustrated this point of view, showing a correlation between happy customers and employee wages well above the federal minimum. Could this just be a matter of correlation versus causation, however?

It makes financial sense for Wal-Mart to increase their wages, and some believe that this may force similar businesses like Target, Safeway, and Kroger to raise wages or risk losing employees. Craig Johnson, president of Consumer Growth Partners, believes that Wal-Mart's changes may convince Target employees to change teams, but he doubts that others will give up good jobs at other stores to join Wal-Mart.

For some, the wage increases are not enough. “Ten dollars is pocket change,” says Sanders Mosley, a current Wal-Mart employee. Many feel that companies can afford to and should pay their employees $15 per hour, rather than the ten to thirteen dollar per hour wages on the high end of the spectrum. Is $10 enough to live on, with the rising cost of living and the improving economy? Maybe, maybe not. Can companies really afford to a minimum of $15 per hour and still keep workers employed and shareholders happy? Probably not. While Wal-Mart and many others are raising their wages, they are careful not to go too far, and thus make sure that happy employees are a benefit, not a net financial loss.

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Costco - American Express, Partnership to End in 2016

2/20/15 - For years, American Express was the exclusive credit card of Costco shopping centers throughout North America. Costco's most recent contract with American Express is set to expire in March 2016, and the companies have been unable to come to a mutually beneficial agreement for renewal of that contract. Costco Wholesale Corporation has since announced the upcoming split, and according to an article by E. Scott Reckard and Dean Starkman, of the L.A Times, Costco is close to finding a replacement as their sole credit card provider.

Since Costco only accepts one type of credit card, customers are forced to either pay via cash/check or use that type of credit card. This gives that credit card company a huge amount of business, since shoppers at Costco generally buy products in bulk and don't usually carry enough cash to pay for such a large quantity of goods. One of the big reasons for Costco's break with American Express, according to Reckard and Starkman, is a desire for lower swipe fees. If Costco, or any other company for that matter, is able to get cheaper rates from one credit card company versus another, they will almost always choose the one with lower prices.

Even though the partnership with Costco accounted for about $94 billion in revenue for AmEx, analysts state that based on Costco's new terms, the economics did not make a renewal the sensible move. Some of that money comes from interest on pending credit card balances, but the vast majority comes from actual spending by credit card holders.

Over the years, in an attempt to keep up with other companies, AmEx has offered rewards, special deals, and even lower fees, which has kept it relatively competitive. Unfortunately, AmEx's stock has been on a decline recently, a trend which has not been helped by the upcoming break with Costco. On the plus side, American Express claims that it has plans to reinvest in other companies, as well as to focus on its current partnerships.

The split is having a far worse effect on American Express than it is on Costco. Costco pretty much has the ability to choose its own rates, since the company that gets the partnership will be gaining much more business. A year ago, Costco switched to the Capital One Master Card in its Canadian branches, and has felt little ill effect from it. The only issue seems to be customers' reactions. How difficult will it be to change cards? Would it become easier for shoppers to simply pay in cash, which might reduce the benefit to the new credit card company? Only time will tell.

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