Real Estate, The Economy, and News: Workers

Showing posts with label Workers. Show all posts

Friday, February 19, 2016

Alphabet to Surpass Apple as "World's Most Valuable Company"

For years, Google Inc. was always known for its internet/computer science businesses, including its online search database, maps, advertising platform, YouTube, Android, and more. In recent years, Google began investing more and more time, effort, and money in other kinds of technologies. From healthcare devices to drones to self-driving cars, Google has had its hand in many types of technological innovations. Unfortunately, that led to a somewhat unwieldy business model, in which every product/ technological focus was grouped under the single title of "Google." Paresh Dave and Andrea Chang discuss in their L.A. Times article how Google recently underwent a business shift and created a new corporation, Alphabet Inc., within which several subgroups focus on different realms of Google's technological goals.

Not only has the creation of Alphabet Inc. made the business more structured, it also has generated plenty of investor interest. In fact, according to Dave and Chang, Alphabet Inc. is well on its way toward claiming the position of "world's most valuable company" from competitor Apple Inc. In the fourth quarter, Alphabet showed that profit had grown by double-digits, and proved to investors and the world that projects like self-driving cars and virtual reality glasses were not wasting resources, but instead earning revenue. Where analysts expected Alphabet to earn $16.9 billion, the company surprised everyone by reporting $21.3 billion in revenue, an improvement of 18% over the course of two years.

Last summer, when Google first began changing to the Alphabet structure, the company aimed to separate online ventures from those involving physical technological innovations. Each of the individual units of Alphabet is designed to have flexibility over its own budget and operations, but in the end, Alphabet itself will keep watch over each sub-business and make the major business decisions. Certain ventures labeled as "Other Bets," which include YouTube and smart-thermostat maker Nest, had a loss of over $3 billion in 2015, which was to be expected, according to Alphabet's analysts. Loss is expected during the R&D stage of technological innovation, but executives believe that the loss is at an acceptable level based on predictions of future revenue.

Alphabet's momentum seems almost unstoppable. In the past year alone, Alphabet's stocks have risen more than 40% in total. On the other hand, Alphabet's major competitor, Apple, is having plenty of problems that have led their stock values to fall. As mentioned previously, much of Apple's recent troubles have been closely linked to the company's reliance on a single product: the iPhone. Since iPhone sales have gone down, Apple's stocks have taken a plunge. Alphabet's new business model will help to reduce the chances of a similar situation taking place, since the variety of sub-businesses means that even if one sub-business has trouble, it will have little effect on the company as a whole.

Overall, economic analysts believe that Alphabet will keep improving and that its stock prices will continue to increase. Executives have seen continuous increases in the number of users of Gmail and the Google Play Store. They also expect that advertisements on Google and YouTube will be very important for Alphabet's future revenue. Since Alphabet's creation, revenue rose nearly 14% and profit for the year rose by 16%. In the past year, Alphabet also added over 8,200 new employees. As you can see, Alphabet seems very confident about the company's future growth and is planning accordingly.

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Friday, November 13, 2015

Roofers and Contractors Overbooked in Preparation for El Nino Winter

After months of drought conditions throughout California, homeowners are rushing to get their houses prepared to withstand the expected onslaught of the upcoming year of El Nino weather. Many of these homeowners are coming to realize that their roofs should be patched up or replaced before the "above-average" rainfall begins. The National Weather Service predicted that the Los Angeles and San Diego areas this winter will have about a 60-69% chance of "above-normal precipitation," which is a huge wake-up call for Californians who have experienced very little rain over the past couple of years. Ronald White, in his L.A. Times article, investigates the current rush to get ready for the winter season and the strain it has been putting on various businesses.

While many people are seeking roofers for long-overdue work on their roofs, other workers, like gutter repairers and tree trimmers, have also reported that 10 times the number of requests for their services have been made this year than the last. while the increased demand is great for business, many have been unable to keep up with demand, leaving property owners disappointed. Many homeowners have even reported difficulty getting an estimate for potential work, let alone getting contractors to their home to get the work done. Many roofing and construction companies have full waiting lists through March, but an appointment that late won't really help a homeowner trying to prepare for the El Nino winter.

Even arborists and tree services have full schedules, booked by homeowners and others worried about whether draught-stressed trees fall in the winter, potentially injuring people and destroying property. Companies like the Your Way Tree Service go out and check trees for health, as many are already dead due to disease, wood rot, or lack of water. The tree service determines whether trees are healthy enough to withstand the winter, and, if not, they fell them safely so that rough winds won't do it later.

Finally, there are those people who plan to use the rainfall later, when El Nino is over. Even they have been having trouble finding experts to install rainwater storage systems on their properties. Not only are some of these specialists booked, many others are unwilling to start work in L.A. until the demand has died down somewhat. However, they still encourage homeowners to keep calling. Eventually, they will be able to get through to a professional who is able to help them. Everyone right now has to turn away business because they simply don't have enough manpower or hours in the week to get work done for everyone.

Steve Lang, of the Roofer Contracting Association, warns homeowners against desperation. He assures them that they will eventually be able to get an appointment with a professional who knows what he/she is doing. His warning is this: hiring an unknown contractor or roofer to do work on your home could end up costing you much more in the long run, usually due to shoddy work by an inexperienced roofer or other kind of worker. He reminds homeowners to look for licensed professionals. Just because someone claims to be a roofer doesn't mean that their work will protect your home from the coming winter's rain. It is far safer and more cost-effective to be patient and wait for someone who knows what they are doing.

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Friday, October 16, 2015

Young Adults: Halloween's Growing Demographic

While Halloween was once considered to be mainly for children, statistics show that it has become a major consumer holiday, celebrated by plenty of Millenials and young adults. In fact, it is expected that this year, American will spend approximately $6.9 billion on Halloween and everything it entails. James Peltz, in his L.A. Times article, discusses how spending on such festivities has increased drastically over the years.

It is expected that over 157 million Americans will be participating in the festivities this year. Whether that includes purchasing candy to pass out to trick-or-treaters, or carving a pumpkin and wearing a costume, consumers will be spending a lot of money on their night of fun. The average price per consumer will be around $74, dramatically up from the $48 they spent a decade ago.

Spending, while high on Halloween, is still nowhere near the level during holidays like Christmas, Thanksgiving, Mother's Day, etc. However, for some businesses like costume shops and amusement parks, Halloween provides a significant portion of their yearly revenue. Most of the pumpkins grown in California are used for Halloween, thereby providing a reliable source of income for farmers in the San Joaquin Valley.

Some costume stores like Party City and Spirit Halloween open specific stores only for the six weeks preceding the holiday, thereby getting the most bang for their buck. Even though Party City has year-round stores, Halloween is their biggest season, bringing in about 25% of their annual sales. Even "Knott's Scary Farm" and Six Flags' "Fright Fest" have been known to encompass 15% of the total number of visitors to each amusement park in a given year. American consumers spend over $2 billion in candy alone per year. Generally, Halloween has become very profitable for an array of different kinds of businesses.

Even while consumers reuse decorations and costumes purchased in past years, they can't avoid spending on perishable items like food, candy, and fresh pumpkins, Research has even found that as involvement in social media has grown, so too have holiday-related costs. People share costume ideas via Facebook, Pinterest, and Twitter, alerting friends to sales at certain stores. Even more so, young adults, especially Millennials, tend to participate as a group, purchasing matching costumes and attending themed parties, all of which can be shared around the world by social media.

Peltz sees that nationwide spending on the festivities has doubled in the past 10 years. He believes that it is quite likely due to the technological era in which we live. As new devices and new movies/television shows enter our world, we have so much more to use in the celebration. Sure, kids are still participating in the holiday, but Peltz shows that Millennials make up the largest proportion of participants, and he believes that this trend will continue to hold true for many years to come.

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Friday, July 31, 2015

How to Build, Maintain, and Repair Credit

Credit is a necessity in this day and age. Without a good credit score, it can be almost impossible to get a loan, buy a car, or purchase a house. But what can you do if you have little to no credit? How can you get started? Well, according to David Lazarus, in his L.A. Times article, stepping into the world of credit scores and debt payments may not be as difficult as it seems.

Lazarus' sources show that over half of all American consumers have subprime credit scores. 26 million consumers have no data on file with credit companies and 19 million have information that is so outdated that it is almost useless by lenders. These Americans are unlikely to get a loan at all, and if offered, the rate on the loan will be much higher than those provided to others with better records. Lazarus focuses on two main problems: an inability to begin establishing credit and difficulty improving a low score.

There are a few types of loans that are designed to help new borrowers to start to build credit. A credit score is based on borrowing money and paying it back. So, the easiest way to establish credit is by getting a credit card from a store or a bank and using it. The key to the card is to use, not overuse. Build credit by having a balance on the credit card and paying off the balance on time each month. In this way, a lender can see that their money is in good hands. In general, when a lender gives you money, it is because you have a history of on-time payments. In fact, some credit reporting companies such as Experian and Equifax consider monthly rent payments in calculating a credit score.

After you have shown that you can handle a credit card, other loan options, such as "credit builder loans" are available, Such loans, which tend to be less than $1,000, are offered by credit unions as another path by which borrowers can show that they can be trusted. This type of loan is very interesting in that it is based specifically around building credit, rather than providing a borrower with needed money. With a credit builder loan, a designated amount of money is locked in a savings account by the lender. When the last payment has come in from the borrower, the money is released. While it would be just as easy for someone to save up their money by putting a designated amount aside each month, this "loan" allows a saver to build their credit score in the process.

As for those who have already borrowed more money than they can pay back, Lazarus assures them that all is not lost. However, do not let it get so bad that debt collectors come calling. Once the collectors show up, a mark on your file appears that will stay for up to 7 years, affecting your credit score and ability to get a loan. To avoid collection agencies, you can try working out a payment plan with your lender. Contact your creditor immediately if you think you will be behind on your payments.

If your score has already taken a hit, recovering can be difficult, but not impossible. Lazarus suggests that the first step is to get a copy of your credit report and begin paying off outstanding debts. As you pay off more debts, potential lenders tend to trust you more and more. After 7 years, the black mark on your record will disappear, which will bring your score up, but what can you do in the meantime? The best thing you can do, according to Lazarus, is just get your finances in order and avoid accruing more debts. Other than that, he assures those with bad credit that with enough time and good financial planning, things will get better.

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Friday, May 29, 2015

Potential Issues Caused by Inflation Indexing

5/29/15 - The national minimum wage was first created by Congress in 1938, under the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA). It was developed to protect workers and ensure that they receive some standard level of pay for their hourly labor. The FLSA banned child labor, set a maximum workweek of 44 hours, and made the minimum rate of pay 25 cents per hour. As inflation has made prices for everything else increase, the minimum wage has increased as well, to its current $7.25 per hour. Many states, however, have their own minimum wages, with some as high as $9 or $10 per hour. In a very controversial decision among business owners and economists, the Los Angeles City Council recently started drafting a plan that would raise the minimum wage annually, raising it to $15 by 2020 and even higher in years to come. Tiffany Hsu and Andrew Khouri, in their LA Times article, address the debate over the wage increase, describing the points made on both sides of the argument.

Raising the minimum wage has always been a difficult undertaking. Through this plan, the minimum wage would go up automatically in response to inflation, which would benefit workers. Unfortunately, inflation also makes rent increase, which will make it more difficult for entrepreneurs, especially owners of small businesses, to be able to afford the higher wages. This would force them to either raise prices or lay off workers. However, prices can only go so high before consumers go elsewhere to make their purchases. This will affect the small businesses most drastically since larger businesses have more flexibility to lower prices without losing as much profit. This competition could potentially lead to a clearing of the market, forcing small businesses out.

This procedure, called inflation indexing, seems to be working well for the twenty-or-so localities with their own wage policies, according to UC Berkeley's Institute for Research on Labor and Employment. Inflation indexing allows the wage to respond directly to increases in the cost of living, without the need for intervention by policy-makers. In an ideal sense, indexing would increase the wage in a gradual manner, rather than shocking the system with large spikes. Int his way, businesses could adjust more easily to changing costs and respond accordingly. Still, consumers and business owners are wary.

Richard LoGuercio, the owner of Town & Country Event Rentals, would only have to raise wages for about 100 of his 430 workers under this policy. However, he fears that he will have to raise wages across the board to keep everyone happy. If minimum-wage laborers are receiving $15 or more per hour, everyone else will want to be paid more for their contributions to the business. As wages increase for the lowest-paid level in a company, wages in the higher levels will likely increase proportionally, which would force price increases and contribute to inflation. Thus, raising the minimum wage continuously in response to inflation could turn into an endless cycle of wage increases.

All in all, the major effects of the minimum wage increase will come down to the actions of consumers. Businesses could lay off workers in response to their increasing costs, but in the end, they will have to raise their prices. Consumers are only willing to spend so much before they decide that a product just isn't worth it. So, as long as consumers are willing to spend a few extra dollars per product, the effects of the wage increases may not be so bad.

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Tuesday, May 19, 2015

Maintenance Issues at California's Refineries Lead to Gasoline Price Increase

5/1/15 - Drivers throughout California have been noticing gas prices climbing swiftly over the past few weeks, and they don't like it. In the last week by itself, prices have gone up by almost 34 cents, 6 cents of which happened over the course of a single day. Is this due to the state of the economy, or to supply-and-demand, or due to something much harder to control? Samantha Masunaga and Andrew Khouri, in their L.A. Times article, conclude that the increasing prices are mainly due to mechanical issues in gasoline refineries around the state.

California's refineries produce most of the gasoline used within the state, since production and delivery of California's “cleaner-burning blend” can be too expensive for out-of-state refineries to consider it economically viable. Furthermore, since the refineries produce as much gasoline as possible, any break in the production chain can cause massive issues throughout the system. Even if one factory would have to close down for repairs, the amount of gasoline in California would fall, making the available gasoline that much more expensive. The system leaves very little room for delays.

Unfortunately, refineries have been forced to stop or lessen production in order to perform maintenance work, whether planned or otherwise. After a February explosion at Exxon Mobil Corp.'s refinery in Torrance as well as some other, minor, issues elsewhere, the supply of gasoline is running low, thus forcing up the prices. Although the oil-refining companies are producing less, they still have contracts that obligate them to provide a certain amount of gasoline to customers, such as gas stations. In order to do this, they are forced to pad their supplies with purchases of gasoline from other refineries.

Many are upset about the price increases mainly due to the shock of it. When the price of a tank of gas increases by $20 to $30 in a month, it is hard to see it coming. To make matters worse, companies that purchase gasoline from other refineries during a time of low production try to keep such transactions secret, so as to not case a “pop” in the market. On the other side of the argument are the average Californians, who use gasoline and want some way to be able to predict when prices will go up. When a company has to purchase gasoline from another refinery, it is pretty obvious that they are having some issue with production.

The average person has had to cut down on certain “unnecessary” expenditures in order to put more money toward filling up the tank. Some have been forced to cut items when grocery shopping, and others have stopped eating out at restaurants. While gasoline prices are still, on average, below what they were this time last year, some areas are feeling far worse effects. A big cause of this, as Khouri and Masunaga point out, is that the market full of secrecy. If people know when companies are planning to purchase large amounts of gasoline from other sources, they will be able to more easily predict fluctuations and therefore plan out their gasoline purchases in a more beneficial manner. Gasoline has almost become like stocks, constantly changing and difficult to predict successfully. That could all change if refineries develop some transparency and give customers a fighting chance.

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Longshore Unions Provide Rich Benefits for Members

3/20/15 - If you were asked to list some types of people with jobs that pay over $100,000 per year, you might mention doctors, lawyers, and software engineers. Would you think to name dock workers? While many transit employees throughout the West Coast have been laid off or have seen their wages cut due to a recent increase in global trade, longshoremen (the laborers who move goods from the ship to the shore) have generally been able to protect their wages. In their article, Chris Kirkham and Andrew Khouri investigate the ways by which half of longshoremen on the West Coast make over $100,000 per year.

Not only do these many of these longshoremen make about $20 per hour on the low end, they earn even more on overtime and night shifts. It all comes down to the power of the International Longshore and Warehouse Union. As witnessed during last month's shutdowns up and down the West Coast, those who control the ports seem to control international trade. Even now that contract negotiations have been completed and the ports are open once again, it is predicted that the docks won't be back to normal for up to three months, and many businesses may never get back the money they lost during the port closure.

Although many members of the longshoremen union make well over $100,000 and all members receive free healthcare benefits, union spokesman Craig Merrilees claims that there are thousands of “casual workers” who are unable to get full-time work and don't get the benefits provided for union members. Merrilees states that these workers often spend years, without such benefits, trying to become a member of the union. Unfortunately, the Pacific Maritime Association, through which the wage statistics for union longshoremen were received, refused Kirkham's and Khouri's requests for the wage statistics of non-members, so Merrilees' assertions could be neither confirmed nor denied.

Longshoremen and the ILWU have a kind of monopoly on the ports. Not only did the port union leaders successfully create a contract in 1930 that linked most of the West Coast ports together, the unions have over the years been able to negotiate for better pay and benefits in the midst of technological improvements. Even the advent of such innovations as shipping containers, which require far fewer workers to transport, have led to better pensions and richer buyouts for those workers who are laid off due to the new technology.

The ILWU knows how to work the system. That appears to be how longshoremen are making so much money in a field where most workers make $10 - $11 per hour. When billions of dollars worth of goods pass through a set of ports each year, those people working the ports control the goods. The unions seem to be able to negotiate whatever contract they want, because companies need the ports in order to have any kind of international trade.

Slowly but surely, the unions may be losing their control. As computers systems and machines come in and replace employees, especially those doing clerical work, the unions may have trouble keeping benefits and high wages. While goods can be produced in other countries, and manufacturing can be easily outsourced, ports are a constant, unable to be moved somewhere with lower wages. Despite this, Kirkham's and Khouri's sources are confident that the high wages in the current low-wage transportation industry will not last. It's only a matter of time before technology and innovation force a change.

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Wal-Mart To Increase Minimum Wage to $9 Per Hour

3/13/15 - Statistics show that six out of ten Americans believe that the federal minimum wage should be raised. Many believe the raise is necessary, as a wage of $7.25 per hour is not necessarily enough to live on, especially for individuals trying to support their family. Others believe that if the minimum wage is raised, companies will be forced to lay off some workers, or raise prices on goods, in order to compensate for the extra money being payed to employees. In their L.A. Times articlerticle, Jim Puzzanghera, Shan Li, and Sarah Parvini discuss a recent decision by Wal-Mart to raise their minimum wage and what this decision means for them and their workers in the long run.

After facing intense protests and rallies led by labor groups and increases in state minimum wages throughout the country, Wal-Mart decided to protect its public image and raise its minimum wage to $9 per hour, $1.75 per hour above the federal minimum wage, for around 40% of its employees, starting in April. This will provide about 500,000 Wal-Mart employees a substantial pay increase, and the company plans to raise the minimum wage even more, to $10 per hour, by February 2016.

According to Doug McMillon, a Chief Executive at Wal-Mart, these changes are to help build a stronger business while also providing for the needs of their employees. While the pay raises do place the company in a better light, prevent the federal government from having to propose higher minimum wages, and lower costs incurred by having to continuously train new hires, they will also cost over $1 billion in extra costs during this fiscal year. Shares in Wal-Mart fell 3.2% since the beginning of the fiscal year, but economist Justin Wolfers is confident that the benefits will far outweigh the added costs.

By Wolfers' argument, as an employee's salary increases, so does their productivity. Several companies, including Costco, Trader Joe's, and the Gap, have illustrated this point of view, showing a correlation between happy customers and employee wages well above the federal minimum. Could this just be a matter of correlation versus causation, however?

It makes financial sense for Wal-Mart to increase their wages, and some believe that this may force similar businesses like Target, Safeway, and Kroger to raise wages or risk losing employees. Craig Johnson, president of Consumer Growth Partners, believes that Wal-Mart's changes may convince Target employees to change teams, but he doubts that others will give up good jobs at other stores to join Wal-Mart.

For some, the wage increases are not enough. “Ten dollars is pocket change,” says Sanders Mosley, a current Wal-Mart employee. Many feel that companies can afford to and should pay their employees $15 per hour, rather than the ten to thirteen dollar per hour wages on the high end of the spectrum. Is $10 enough to live on, with the rising cost of living and the improving economy? Maybe, maybe not. Can companies really afford to a minimum of $15 per hour and still keep workers employed and shareholders happy? Probably not. While Wal-Mart and many others are raising their wages, they are careful not to go too far, and thus make sure that happy employees are a benefit, not a net financial loss.

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Where Have All the Workers Gone?

1/16/15 - Unemployment rates have been found to be decreasing throughout the country. The labor force participation rate, on the other hand, which shows the number of people working or not working, rather than just those classified as “unemployed,” has also been shown to be on a downward slope. So, what causes the seeming paradox between these two measurements. According to Michael Hiltzik, in his Los Angeles Times article, this discrepancy is due to a significant number of “missing” workers: those workers who are not working, and at the same time are not considered “unemployed.” Where have these so-called “missing workers” really gone?

How is it possible for both participation rates and unemployment rates to go down? Some economists believe that this phenomenon is due to a lack of effectiveness in current governmental policies meant to create and fill necessary jobs. Such economists theorize that the extreme difficulty many people are having in finding work has led them to stop searching altogether, to drop out of the labor force completely. Hiltzik, on the other hand, disagrees with this conclusion, preferring an alternative explanation.

Hiltzik presents sources in the article that seem to show that up to three-quarters of the perceived decline in participation rate is actually due to such factors as the retirement of baby boomers and the enrollment of workers in universities and other institutions of higher learning, both of which have little to do with the state of the economy. Over the past few decades, participation rates have been steadily declining, for both men and women. Statistics show that as the economy improves, the participation rate should improve as well.

Whatever the reason for the current employment trends, it is evident that the economy needs to get better. Hiltzik concludes his article as such: while the participation rate is declining, there is still room for it to recover. Workers may be out of the labor force due to the Great Recession, or lowering wages, or a variety of other possible reasons, but as the economy improves, workers should return.

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